Method

Ensemble Classifier for Combining Stereo Matching Algorithms [Ensemble]


Submitted on 2 Jun. 2015 15:31 by
Aristotle Spyropoulos (STEVENS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY)

Running time:135 s
Environment:2 cores @ >3.5 Ghz (Matlab)

Method Description:
Stereo matching, as many problems in computer
vision, has been addressed by a multitude of
algorithms, each with its own strengths and
weaknesses. Instead of following the
conventional approach and trying to tune or
enhance one of the algorithms so that it
dominates the competition, we resign to
the idea that a truly optimal algorithm may not
be discovered soon and take a different
approach. We present a novel methodology for
combining a large number of heterogeneous
algorithms that is able to clearly surpass the
accuracy of the most accurate algorithms in the
set. At the core of our approach is the design
of an ensemble classifier trained to decide
whether a particular stereo matcher is correct
on a certain pixel. In addition to features
describing the pixel, our feature vector
encodes the agreement and disagreement between
the matcher under consideration and all other
matchers.
Parameters:
none
Latex Bibtex:
@inproceedings {spyr15_3dv,
title = {Ensemble Classifier for Combining Stereo
Matching Algorithms},
author = {Spyropoulos, Aristotle and Mordohai,
Philippos},
booktitle = {International Conference on 3D Vision
(3DV)},
year = {2015}}

Detailed Results

This page provides detailed results for the method(s) selected. For each of the first 20 test images, the number of erroneous pixels at all thresholds is depicted in the table. Underneath, the left input image, the disparity / end-point error map and the estimated (and interpolated) disparity / optical flow map are shown. The error map scales linearly between 0 (black) and >=5 (white) pixels error. Red denotes all occluded pixels, falling outside the image boundaries. The false color map is scaled to the largest ground truth disparity / flow value.

Test Set Average

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 9.17 % 10.89 % 1.5 px 2.0 px
3 pixels 5.34 % 6.91 % 1.5 px 2.0 px
4 pixels 3.92 % 5.30 % 1.5 px 2.0 px
5 pixels 3.20 % 4.43 % 1.5 px 2.0 px
This table as LaTeX

Reflective Regions

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 32.76 % 36.13 % 4.5 px 6.9 px
3 pixels 23.04 % 26.70 % 4.5 px 6.9 px
4 pixels 18.28 % 21.95 % 4.5 px 6.9 px
5 pixels 15.35 % 18.97 % 4.5 px 6.9 px
This table as LaTeX

Test Image 0

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 7.98 % 10.39 % 1.4 px 1.9 px
3 pixels 5.05 % 7.15 % 1.4 px 1.9 px
4 pixels 4.07 % 5.78 % 1.4 px 1.9 px
5 pixels 3.40 % 4.69 % 1.4 px 1.9 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 1

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 9.35 % 12.15 % 1.3 px 1.5 px
3 pixels 4.50 % 6.73 % 1.3 px 1.5 px
4 pixels 3.32 % 4.98 % 1.3 px 1.5 px
5 pixels 2.70 % 3.93 % 1.3 px 1.5 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 2

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 9.69 % 11.15 % 1.1 px 1.7 px
3 pixels 5.28 % 6.74 % 1.1 px 1.7 px
4 pixels 3.67 % 4.85 % 1.1 px 1.7 px
5 pixels 2.54 % 3.51 % 1.1 px 1.7 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 3

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 10.36 % 12.81 % 1.1 px 1.7 px
3 pixels 5.19 % 7.58 % 1.1 px 1.7 px
4 pixels 3.15 % 5.24 % 1.1 px 1.7 px
5 pixels 1.82 % 3.60 % 1.1 px 1.7 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 4

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 6.23 % 8.10 % 1.2 px 1.5 px
3 pixels 2.96 % 4.33 % 1.2 px 1.5 px
4 pixels 2.41 % 3.30 % 1.2 px 1.5 px
5 pixels 1.93 % 2.72 % 1.2 px 1.5 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 5

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 3.91 % 4.64 % 0.9 px 1.0 px
3 pixels 2.03 % 2.54 % 0.9 px 1.0 px
4 pixels 1.34 % 1.81 % 0.9 px 1.0 px
5 pixels 1.08 % 1.55 % 0.9 px 1.0 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 6

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 11.59 % 13.59 % 1.4 px 1.7 px
3 pixels 6.63 % 8.29 % 1.4 px 1.7 px
4 pixels 4.64 % 5.92 % 1.4 px 1.7 px
5 pixels 3.63 % 4.82 % 1.4 px 1.7 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 7

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 12.20 % 14.38 % 1.4 px 2.4 px
3 pixels 6.22 % 8.52 % 1.4 px 2.4 px
4 pixels 4.10 % 6.39 % 1.4 px 2.4 px
5 pixels 3.23 % 5.39 % 1.4 px 2.4 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 8

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 4.05 % 5.14 % 0.9 px 1.1 px
3 pixels 2.02 % 2.88 % 0.9 px 1.1 px
4 pixels 1.44 % 2.25 % 0.9 px 1.1 px
5 pixels 1.12 % 1.89 % 0.9 px 1.1 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 9

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 13.02 % 15.17 % 1.9 px 3.1 px
3 pixels 7.74 % 10.02 % 1.9 px 3.1 px
4 pixels 5.57 % 7.90 % 1.9 px 3.1 px
5 pixels 4.37 % 6.69 % 1.9 px 3.1 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 10

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 6.81 % 8.48 % 1.1 px 1.6 px
3 pixels 3.73 % 5.42 % 1.1 px 1.6 px
4 pixels 2.59 % 4.11 % 1.1 px 1.6 px
5 pixels 2.03 % 3.40 % 1.1 px 1.6 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 11

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 15.30 % 18.41 % 1.8 px 2.4 px
3 pixels 8.30 % 11.61 % 1.8 px 2.4 px
4 pixels 5.67 % 8.62 % 1.8 px 2.4 px
5 pixels 4.16 % 6.65 % 1.8 px 2.4 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 12

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 10.77 % 12.95 % 1.9 px 3.1 px
3 pixels 6.43 % 8.54 % 1.9 px 3.1 px
4 pixels 4.99 % 6.85 % 1.9 px 3.1 px
5 pixels 4.47 % 6.12 % 1.9 px 3.1 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 13

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 11.47 % 12.70 % 2.4 px 3.4 px
3 pixels 6.94 % 8.17 % 2.4 px 3.4 px
4 pixels 5.41 % 6.58 % 2.4 px 3.4 px
5 pixels 4.58 % 5.76 % 2.4 px 3.4 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 14

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 7.55 % 8.70 % 1.3 px 1.6 px
3 pixels 4.42 % 5.37 % 1.3 px 1.6 px
4 pixels 3.39 % 4.24 % 1.3 px 1.6 px
5 pixels 2.76 % 3.57 % 1.3 px 1.6 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 15

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 10.16 % 11.23 % 1.2 px 1.3 px
3 pixels 5.51 % 6.01 % 1.2 px 1.3 px
4 pixels 3.42 % 3.70 % 1.2 px 1.3 px
5 pixels 2.30 % 2.52 % 1.2 px 1.3 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 16

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 7.14 % 7.74 % 0.9 px 1.1 px
3 pixels 2.73 % 3.19 % 0.9 px 1.1 px
4 pixels 1.28 % 1.74 % 0.9 px 1.1 px
5 pixels 0.73 % 1.17 % 0.9 px 1.1 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 17

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 8.88 % 9.96 % 1.3 px 1.5 px
3 pixels 5.89 % 6.70 % 1.3 px 1.5 px
4 pixels 4.38 % 4.89 % 1.3 px 1.5 px
5 pixels 3.32 % 3.74 % 1.3 px 1.5 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 18

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 8.95 % 10.04 % 1.4 px 1.7 px
3 pixels 6.36 % 7.38 % 1.4 px 1.7 px
4 pixels 5.04 % 5.88 % 1.4 px 1.7 px
5 pixels 4.20 % 4.99 % 1.4 px 1.7 px
This table as LaTeX





Test Image 19

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 4.90 % 6.78 % 1.0 px 1.3 px
3 pixels 2.33 % 3.47 % 1.0 px 1.3 px
4 pixels 1.58 % 2.13 % 1.0 px 1.3 px
5 pixels 1.31 % 1.64 % 1.0 px 1.3 px
This table as LaTeX







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