Method

Illumination-Robust Optical Flow Approach Using Modified Local Directional Pattern [MLDP-OF]


Submitted on 23 Apr. 2013 18:29 by
Mahmoud Mohamed (GET Lab)

Running time:160 s
Environment:2 cores @ 2.5 Ghz (Matlab)

Method Description:
Most variational optical flow methods are based on the well-known brightness constancy assumption or high-order constancy assumptions in order to implement the data term in the optimization energy function. Unfortunately, any variation in the lighting within the scene violates the brightness constancy constraint; in turn, the gradient constancy assumption does not work properly with large illumination changes. This paper proposes an illumination-robust constancy based on a robust texture descriptor rather than the brightness constancy. Thus, the similarity function used as a data term was obtained from extracting texture features through the local directional pattern descriptor for two consecutive frames within the duality total variational optical flow algorithm. In addition, a weighted non-local term that depends on both the color similarity and the occlusion state of pixels is integrated during the optimization process in order to increase the accuracy of the resulting flow field. Experimental results show a qualitative comparison with the proposed approach and yield state-of-the-art results on the KITTIDIFaddbegin DIFadd{, Midleburry and MPI-sintel }DIFaddend datasets.
Parameters:
\lambda = 10;
Pyramid_Scale = 0.9;
Warp/Level = 4;
Fixed_point_iteration/Warp = 10;
Latex Bibtex:
@article { LDPOF,
author = { Mahmoud A. Mohamed and Hatem A. Rashwan and B{"a}rbel Mertsching and Miguel Angel Garcia and Domenec Puig },
title = { Illumination-Robust Optical Flow Using Local Directional Pattern },
month = { February },
year = { 2014 },
journal = { IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology }
}

Detailed Results

This page provides detailed results for the method(s) selected. For each of the first 20 test images, the number of erroneous pixels at all thresholds is depicted in the table. Underneath, the left input image, the disparity / end-point error map and the estimated (and interpolated) disparity / optical flow map are shown. The error map scales linearly between 0 (black) and >=5 (white) pixels error. Red denotes all occluded pixels, falling outside the image boundaries. The false color map is scaled to the largest ground truth disparity / flow value.

Test Set Average

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 11.10 % 21.67 % 2.4 px 6.7 px
3 pixels 8.67 % 18.78 % 2.4 px 6.7 px
4 pixels 7.55 % 17.12 % 2.4 px 6.7 px
5 pixels 6.84 % 15.91 % 2.4 px 6.7 px
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Reflective Regions

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Test Image 0

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 20.07 % 30.66 % 3.7 px 7.2 px
3 pixels 17.74 % 27.62 % 3.7 px 7.2 px
4 pixels 16.37 % 25.46 % 3.7 px 7.2 px
5 pixels 15.37 % 23.61 % 3.7 px 7.2 px
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Test Image 1

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 5.98 % 17.07 % 0.9 px 2.8 px
3 pixels 4.43 % 14.13 % 0.9 px 2.8 px
4 pixels 3.66 % 12.24 % 0.9 px 2.8 px
5 pixels 3.03 % 10.52 % 0.9 px 2.8 px
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Test Image 2

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 15.38 % 28.19 % 2.3 px 7.2 px
3 pixels 12.48 % 25.11 % 2.3 px 7.2 px
4 pixels 11.03 % 23.23 % 2.3 px 7.2 px
5 pixels 10.06 % 21.74 % 2.3 px 7.2 px
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Test Image 3

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 11.88 % 25.74 % 2.7 px 8.6 px
3 pixels 9.54 % 23.20 % 2.7 px 8.6 px
4 pixels 8.04 % 21.32 % 2.7 px 8.6 px
5 pixels 6.99 % 19.82 % 2.7 px 8.6 px
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Test Image 4

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 5.67 % 11.69 % 1.1 px 2.1 px
3 pixels 4.09 % 8.88 % 1.1 px 2.1 px
4 pixels 3.53 % 7.42 % 1.1 px 2.1 px
5 pixels 3.26 % 6.51 % 1.1 px 2.1 px
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Test Image 5

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 13.67 % 27.17 % 3.5 px 10.9 px
3 pixels 11.76 % 25.22 % 3.5 px 10.9 px
4 pixels 10.99 % 24.26 % 3.5 px 10.9 px
5 pixels 10.36 % 23.36 % 3.5 px 10.9 px
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Test Image 6

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 7.75 % 16.96 % 1.3 px 3.5 px
3 pixels 5.77 % 13.85 % 1.3 px 3.5 px
4 pixels 4.97 % 12.23 % 1.3 px 3.5 px
5 pixels 4.52 % 11.25 % 1.3 px 3.5 px
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Test Image 7

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 13.87 % 27.27 % 4.5 px 12.2 px
3 pixels 11.72 % 24.62 % 4.5 px 12.2 px
4 pixels 10.67 % 22.88 % 4.5 px 12.2 px
5 pixels 9.92 % 21.40 % 4.5 px 12.2 px
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Test Image 8

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 9.20 % 25.05 % 1.8 px 13.0 px
3 pixels 5.63 % 21.57 % 1.8 px 13.0 px
4 pixels 4.27 % 19.95 % 1.8 px 13.0 px
5 pixels 3.62 % 18.86 % 1.8 px 13.0 px
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Test Image 9

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 18.82 % 30.59 % 5.1 px 11.9 px
3 pixels 14.86 % 26.64 % 5.1 px 11.9 px
4 pixels 12.78 % 24.25 % 5.1 px 11.9 px
5 pixels 11.57 % 22.53 % 5.1 px 11.9 px
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Test Image 10

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 11.11 % 26.45 % 1.6 px 6.7 px
3 pixels 6.85 % 22.60 % 1.6 px 6.7 px
4 pixels 5.46 % 20.97 % 1.6 px 6.7 px
5 pixels 4.80 % 19.88 % 1.6 px 6.7 px
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Test Image 11

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 9.32 % 22.41 % 1.5 px 5.1 px
3 pixels 6.24 % 19.04 % 1.5 px 5.1 px
4 pixels 4.62 % 16.72 % 1.5 px 5.1 px
5 pixels 3.77 % 14.76 % 1.5 px 5.1 px
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Test Image 12

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 12.94 % 26.48 % 3.3 px 11.6 px
3 pixels 10.84 % 24.44 % 3.3 px 11.6 px
4 pixels 9.51 % 23.01 % 3.3 px 11.6 px
5 pixels 8.37 % 21.67 % 3.3 px 11.6 px
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Test Image 13

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 12.93 % 23.23 % 1.7 px 4.5 px
3 pixels 8.58 % 19.04 % 1.7 px 4.5 px
4 pixels 6.77 % 16.98 % 1.7 px 4.5 px
5 pixels 5.53 % 15.29 % 1.7 px 4.5 px
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Test Image 14

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 20.44 % 33.68 % 5.6 px 15.1 px
3 pixels 14.43 % 28.29 % 5.6 px 15.1 px
4 pixels 11.96 % 25.88 % 5.6 px 15.1 px
5 pixels 10.75 % 24.53 % 5.6 px 15.1 px
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Test Image 15

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 16.36 % 30.59 % 2.6 px 10.2 px
3 pixels 12.62 % 27.07 % 2.6 px 10.2 px
4 pixels 10.27 % 24.68 % 2.6 px 10.2 px
5 pixels 8.66 % 22.88 % 2.6 px 10.2 px
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Test Image 16

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 2.32 % 9.67 % 0.5 px 1.7 px
3 pixels 1.03 % 7.36 % 0.5 px 1.7 px
4 pixels 0.57 % 6.37 % 0.5 px 1.7 px
5 pixels 0.38 % 5.85 % 0.5 px 1.7 px
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Test Image 17

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 11.98 % 25.08 % 1.6 px 7.0 px
3 pixels 9.48 % 22.35 % 1.6 px 7.0 px
4 pixels 8.22 % 20.74 % 1.6 px 7.0 px
5 pixels 7.23 % 19.43 % 1.6 px 7.0 px
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Test Image 18

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 1.58 % 9.56 % 0.5 px 1.3 px
3 pixels 0.94 % 8.19 % 0.5 px 1.3 px
4 pixels 0.74 % 7.45 % 0.5 px 1.3 px
5 pixels 0.56 % 6.78 % 0.5 px 1.3 px
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Test Image 19

Error Out-Noc Out-All Avg-Noc Avg-All
2 pixels 4.18 % 13.19 % 1.2 px 2.6 px
3 pixels 3.62 % 10.81 % 1.2 px 2.6 px
4 pixels 3.34 % 8.98 % 1.2 px 2.6 px
5 pixels 3.13 % 7.83 % 1.2 px 2.6 px
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